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1) National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411 Japan
2) China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094 China
A total of 73 annual strains of 0. rufipogon collected in Thailand, Laos, Combodia, Burma, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka were examined. Thirty-two perennial strains collected in the same regions were also examined as control. Allozyme variation at twenty ploymorphic loci of 7 enzymes were analyzed. Method of isozyme assay can be referred to Cai et al. (1995).
As shown in Table 1, there are no clear difference in allele frequency between annual and perennial types except for a few loci such as Est-I. Alleles of Est-13', Est-9', Amp-I^3 detected in Chinese strains with high frequencies were rarely found in tropical strains. On the other hand, Indian strains showed high frequencies of allele Est-5^3 Sdh-l^3 Pgi-l^3and Pgi-I^4 which were rarely detected in other countries.
The result of factor analysis based on allozyme data suggested the strains examined can be separated into two major groups, 1 and 2, and few others (Fig. 1). A group (group 2) consists of the strains collected mostly from Indian west coast including both
Rice Genetics Newsletter Vol. 13
Table 1. Frequencies of isozyme alleles found in 0. rufipogon from seven countries
| Origin | Thialand | Laos | Combodia | Burma | India | Sri | Lanka | Bangladesh | Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Allele | A* | P* | A | P | A | P | A | P | A | P | A | P | A | P | A | P | |||||||||
| Amp-1 | 1 2 3 | 0.81 0.19
0 |
1
0 0 |
0.8
0.2 0 |
1
0 0 |
0.85 0.08
0 |
1 00 | 0.5 0.25 0.25 | 0.82
0 0.18 |
0.61 0.25 0.13 | 0.88 0.13
0 |
1
0 0 |
0.5
0.5 0.5 |
0.5 0.5
0 |
0.71 0.14 0.14 | 0.7 0.21 0.07 | 0.79 0.11
0.1 |
||||||||
| Amp-2 | 1 2 3 | 0.58 0.27
0 |
0
1 0 |
0.4
0.6 0 |
0.67 0.33
0 |
0.69 0.31
0 |
1
0 0 |
0.5 0.5
0 |
0.45 0.36 0.18 | 0.66 0.16 0.12 | 0.75 0.25
0 |
0.75
0 |
0
1 0 |
0.71 0.14
0 |
0.6
0.28 0.06 |
0.55
0.36 0.07 |
|||||||||
| Amp-3 | 1 2 | 0.15 0.85 | 1
0 |
0.7
0 |
0.67
0 |
0.69 0.23 | 1
0 |
0.25 0.75 | 0.59
0 |
0.41 0.41 | 0.63 0 | 1
0 |
0.75 0.25 | 0.5
0 |
0.57 0.29 | 0.44 0.42 | 0.69
0.1 |
||||||||
| Amp-7 | 1 0 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.67 0.33 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.09 0.91 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.25 0.75 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.13 0.87 | ||||||||
| Est-1 | 1 0 | 0
1 |
1
0 |
0
1 |
1
0 |
0.23 0.77 | 0
1 |
0.5 0.5 | 1 0.45 0 0.55 | 0.75 0.25 | 0
1 |
0.75 0.25 | 0.5 0.5 | 0.86 0.14 | 0.3 0.7 | 0.87 0.13 | |||||||||
| Est-2 | 0 1 2 3 | 0.08 0.77
0 .0.15 |
1
0 0 0 |
0
0 0 0. 8 |
0.33
0 0.67 0 |
0.08 0.31
0.15 0.38 |
0
1 0 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.64 0.27
0.09
0 |
0.11 0 0.87 0.5 0 00.030.5 | 0
1 0 0 |
0
0.5 0.5 0 |
0.5
0 0.5 0 |
0.43 0.140.43
0 |
0.1 0.68 0.010.16 | 0.39 0.29 0.260.07 | |||||||||
| Est-5 | 1 2 3 | 0.92 0.08
0 |
1
0 0 |
0.5
0 0 |
0.33 0.33 0.33 | 0.73 0.27
0 |
1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
0.68 0.32
0 |
0.37
0 0.55 |
0.5
0 0.5 |
1
0 0 |
0.5 0.25 0.25 | 0.5 0.5
0 |
0.57 0.43
0 |
0.57 0.07 0.28 | 0.6
0.27 0.1 |
||||||||
| Est-9 | 1
2 |
1
2 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0
0.83 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.05 0.95 | 0.07 0.93 | 0.25 0.75 | 0.5 0.5 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.04 0.96 | 0.05 0.94 | ||||||||
| Est-10 | 2 3 4 | 0.15 0.190.65 | 0
0 1 |
0.4
0.2 0.3 |
0
0 1 |
0.12
0 0.85 |
0
0 1 |
0
0.5 0.5 |
0.18
0 0.82 |
0.24 0.37 0.63 | 0
0.25 0.75 |
1
0 0 |
0.75 0.25
0 |
0.5
0 0.5 |
0.29 0.43 0.29 | 0.22 0.13 0.64 | 0.23 0.13 0.61 | ||||||||
| Est-ll | 1 0 | 1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
1
0 |
0
1 |
1
0 |
0.97 0.03 | 1
0 |
||||||||
| Est-13 | 1 2 3 | 0
0.23 0.77 |
0
1 0 |
0
0.8 0.2 |
0
1 0 |
0.04 0.81 0.15 | 0
1 0 |
0
1 0 |
0
1 0 |
0
0.57 0.37 |
0
1 0 |
0
1 0 |
0.25 0.75
0 |
0
1 0 |
0.14 0.86
0 |
0.01 0.6 0.37 | 0.07 0.94
0 |
||||||||
| Mal-I | 1 2 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.5 0.5 | 0.18 0.82 | 0.16 0.84 | 0
1 |
1
0 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.14 0.87 | 0.07 0.94 | ||||||||
| Mal-2 | 1 2 3 | 0.88 0.12
0 |
0
1 0 |
1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
0.5
0 0.5 |
1
0 0 |
0.87 0.130 | 1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
0
0.5 0.5 |
1
0 0 |
0.91 0.1 0.03 | 0.97 0.03
0 |
||||||||
| Pgd-1 | 1 2 3 | 0.23 0.620.15 | 1
0 0 |
0.4
0.6 0 |
0.11 0.44 0.44 | 0.81 0.080.12 | 1
0 0 |
0.5
0 0.5 00.5 |
0.64 0.270.09 | 0.8 0.050.13 | 0.5 0.38 0.13 | 1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
0.75 0
0.25 |
0.64 0.36
0 |
0.67 0.190.14 | 0.64 0.270.09 | ||||||||
| Pgd-2 | 1 2 | 0.92 0.08 | 0
1 |
0.7
0.2 |
0
1 |
0.85 0.08 | 1
0 |
1
0 |
0.91
0 |
0.92 0.08 | 0.75
0 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
1
0 |
0.57
0 |
0.89 0.1 | 0.58 0.26 | ||||||||
| Pgi-I | 1 2 3 4 | 0.15 0.85
0 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.33
0.67 0 0 |
0.31
0.69 0 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.25
0.75 0 0 |
0.18
0.82 0 0 |
0.08
0.43 0.38 0.03 |
0
0.5 0 0.5 |
0 0.50 0.5 | 0
0.75 0.25 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.43 0.57
0 0 |
0.14 0.61 0.2 0.01 | 0.19 0.71 0.030.07 | ||||||||
| Pgi-2 | 1 2 3 | 0.92 0.080 | 1
0 0 |
0.9
0 0.1 |
0
0.67 0.33 |
0.77
0 0.15 |
1
0 0 |
1
0 0 |
0.77 0.230 | 0.47 0.50.03 | 1
0 0 |
0.5 0.50 | 0.5
0.5 0 |
0
1 0 |
0.86 0.14
0 |
0.64 0.3 0.05 | 0.73 0.24 0.03 | ||||||||
| Pox-2 | 0 1 2 3 | 0.15 0.62
0 0.23 |
1
0 0 0 |
0
0 1 0 |
0.33 0.67
0 0 |
0
0.69 0.15 0.15 |
0
1 0 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0
0.41 0.59 0 |
0.03 0.91 0.04 0.03 | 0.25 0.25
0.5
0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.25 0.25 0.5
0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.14 0.43 0.43
0 |
0.04 0.76 0.12 0.08 | 0.16
0.4 0.44 0 |
||||||||
| Pox-6 | 1 2 | 0.62 0.38 | 0.5 0.5 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0.27 0.73 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0.18 0.82 | 0 1 | 0.13 0.88 | 0
1 |
0
1 |
0
1 |
0.07 0.93 | 0.16 0.85 | 0.11 0.89 | ||||||||
| Sdh-1 | 1 2 3 4 | 0.85 0.150
0 0 |
1
0 0 0 |
0.6
0.4 0 0 |
0.83
0 0 0.17 |
0.58 0.190.040.19 | 0
1 0 0 |
0
1 0 0 |
0.14 0.09 0.180.59 | 0.3 0.2 0.29 0.18 | 0.25
0 0.25 0.5 |
1
0 0 0 |
0.38 0.5
0 0.13 |
1
0 0 0 |
0.14
0 .07 0 0.64 |
0.49 0.22 0.160.13 | 0.27 0.15
0.1 0.45 |
||||||||
L:annual and P:perennial type
Fig. 1. A scatter diagram of 105 Asian wild rice strains plotted by the first and second factor scores.
annual and perennial types, and another group (group 1 ) contains the strains from other areas including Indian east coast. Judging from character variation study, a few strains plotted outside the two groups may be the strains introgressed by cultivated rice.
Unique genetic characteristics of Chinese and West Indian strains were early pointed out by Second (1985) and Lolo and Second (1988). The results of our previous study (Cai et al. 1995) and this study suggested that Asian common wild rice can be largely divided into three geographical groups based on isozyme variation, i.e., 1) Chinese strains; they are weakly perennial and carry some Japonica specific alleles, 2) Indian west coast strains; they are mostly annual types but include a few perennial types, and 3) other strains from all tropical countries excluding Indian west coast; they have both typical annual and typical perennial types. (Gene symbol: Old system)
References
Cai, Hong-Wei, Wang Xiang-Kun and H. Morishima, 1995. Isozyme variation in Asian common wild rice,
Evol. 17:89-114.
